Why a Graduate Degree Essay Example for Free

Why a Graduate Degree Essay When I started writing this paper I had hundreds of reasons why I am pursuing a graduate degree. My objective was to recognize which ones were more important and to find out what were the real reasons. As I sat in front of my piece of paper I came to realize the most important reasons as to why I want to purse my MBA. I graduated in 2001 from a school in Bolivia, South America. I moved to Virginia in January 2002 to start a new life. I began looking for a job related to my degree, Industrial Engineering, but the offers I received came nothing close to a job I desired. After months of searching I realized that it maybe because most companies don’t want to hire someone who graduated from a university they never heard of, especially one abroad. It is then when I realized that I needed something to be more competitive in the labor market, so the solution was to enroll myself in a graduate program. Another reason is because of a disadvantage in my major. My major does not provide specific knowledge in specific areas, but basic knowledge in different areas. I want a major that specializes in one specific area, such as Management Technology. I am young and have a lot of spare time. I am 26 years old and I think it is time for me to establish my career. I am not content with my current job and I want to develop a career that is going to take me farther. I am 100% certain that a MBA is going to take me where I want to go. Financial security is something that for me right now is not a major issue because I am single and have no children; but one day I do want to build a family and when that day comes I want to be financially stable. Pursuing a graduate degree will help and be an important factor to my financial security in life. I also want to pursue a MBA for personal satisfaction. I have always believed that knowledge is something that makes you a better person for the society. I also want my mom to be proud, she worked hard to put me through college and now it is my turn to show her and my family I can do this on my own and I can do it right.

Energy Crisis Interrelated to Global Warming. Photovoltaic Cell †A Pos

Energy Crisis Interrelated to Global Warming. Photovoltaic Cell – A Possible Solution Abstract- The world’s energy crisis has worsened in recent years, as oil prices dramatically increased due to the limited amount of available oil. Global warming is considered as a byproduct of energy crisis, because as oil continues to burn in the refining process, CO2 is constantly emitted to the atmosphere at a fast rate and in heavy concentrations, which in turn, worsens the global warming situation. Photovoltaic cell technology converts sunlight into direct current electricity. This source can be a possible solution to solve the energy crisis as well as the global warming issue. Introduction- Energy crisis has remained a top concern in the world today. Fossil fuels, the most widely used energy source in the U.S. and in the world, is rapidly being depleted due to the fast consumption rate. Since we are highly depended on oil for transportation, cooking, and communication in our daily lives, the oil storage is starting to run out and eventually it will be all gone. Petroleum oil is always considered as a cheap energy source; however, the price of oil per barrel and per gallon has gone up significantly worldwide. The price of oil has already passed $60 per barrel, due to the energy crisis and oil shortages (Crude Oil Futures Prices – NYMEX, 2005). The increased oil prices and the limited energy resources will have a great impact to the global economy where stock prices fall, unemployment rates increase, economic recession and inflation can occur. Burning fossil fuels are not only causing the existing energy crisis in the world but are leading to global warming as well. Due to the excessive burning of fossil fuels, the ... .... Website: http://www.cintelliq.com/res_photo.htm Renewable Energy (2005) The Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 23,2005. Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy Turner, John A. (1999) A Realizable Renewable Energy Future. Retrieved July 21, 2005, from Energy Viewpoint. Website: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/285/5428/687.pdf 14 The Coming World Energy Crisis. (2005) Retrieved July 21, 2005 from Planet for life. Website: http://planetforlife.com/ William, James L. Alhajji, A. F. PhD. (2003). The Coming Energy Crisis? Retrieved July 21, 2005, from Energy Economics Newsletter. Website: http://www.wtrg.com/EnergyCrisis/ Zittel, Werner. Schindler, JÃ ¶rg (2003) Future world oil supply. Retrieved July 21, 2005, from University Salzburg. Website: http://www.energiekrise.de/e/articles/International-Summer-School-Salzburg- 2002.pdf

Meaning of life, Life Essay

Suffering is an inevitable part of life. We all live in this big labyrinth of suffering. Th only way out of the labyrinth is death. † To live is to suffer, to survive to find meaning in the suffering. Few peopl e actually commit suicide to liberate themselves form suffering. Most people find meaning or purpo se for their life so that they have the motivation to live on. Some think that suffering make them wis er, some think that suffering is a test of faith, there will be rewards for them in the after life if they c an endure the suffering on earth. Some people couldn’t understand but keep going on with their life for their loved ones. Some people keep themselves busy to dodge from the question. My view on this question is that suffering does not make life any more or any less meaningful. Beca use as an atheist, I believe that there is no God, the Universe does not have a divine plan for us. Tha t the existence of life is just purely a miraculous accident. When we die, we stop existing. The time we spend on Earth will not amount to anything in an afterlife in another dimension. Therefore, life i s inherently meaningless, with or without pain and suffering. Human are powerless in the face of m eaninglessness . The only way we can deal with life is to embrace the fact that there is no intrinsic va lue in life. We can only create our own meanings. One can create meaning of life with or without su ffering. But since suffering is an inseparable part of our life, it more or less give us insights on mean ing of life. Dr. Bernard Rieux can best exemplifies my point of view. When the plague got out of control and O ran was placed under quarantine, it didn’t stop the doctor form battling the plague, fighting the war t hat was doomed to fail. At this point, many would wonder what is meaning of of the doctor’s action s when they are all in vain. The answer can be found in a dialogue he shared with Tarrou. Tarrou asked the doctor why he was so committed to fighting the plague if he does not believe in G od. The doctor replied that whether or not God exist is irrelevant and he didn’t have the time to thin k about what waits him in the future and what will come out of his actions. The only thing he knew that there were sick people suffering and they needed to be cured. Even though he admitted that his struggles against death would only be temporary victories and that the plague was what he referred as an†endless struggle†, he said that this was not the reason to give up struggle. From the dialogue, we can see the doctor was aware of the intrinsic meaninglessness of his life, bec ause he said he wouldn’t waste time to think about the existence of God and what his action will lea d to him. If he deemed his life has inherent meaning, he should have thought about the above questi ons. Thought he considered that his life is inherently meaningless, the plague gave me the meaning. The meaning lies in the other people. The doctor was fully aware that his attempts at lifting people out of misery is an impossible task as more and more people became infected and die. And there were no effective cure. Basically, his sitti ng around and doing nothing or wearing himself off to save the patients might just possibly lead to s ame outcome. However, the doctor did not stop his work in face of his powerlessness to alter the situation. Becaus e under this situation, he was left with only two choices, ignore it or act on it. There was no third op tion. The doctor chose the later one because he couldn’t bear to see people suffer and doing nothing about it. It’s meaningless to battle the unwindable battle against the plague. It was not defeating the plague that gave meaning to the doctor. It was the people gave him meaning. It was his compassion for others that keep him going in times of suffering. From the case of Dr. Rieux and his battle against the plague, we can see similarities in the real worl d. The plague is like the amoral universe, and Dr. Rieux represents all the human beings. We are po werless in face of the meaningless of life, just as Dr. Rieux was powerless in face of the plague. But we do have a choice, we can create meanings for ourselves just as Dr. Rieux has learnt from sufferin g and found meanings in helping people. Winston Smith from 1974 1984 somewhat share some similarities with Dr. Rieux in terms of action upon the unchangeable, though he was not such a noble and heroic person as Dr. Rieux. In his case, the unchangeable was the Big Brother. Winston Smith lived in a state where every moves, every wo rds ands every thoughts he made were monitored by the Party. In the instance of living in an extrem e state where even having disloyal thought against the party is in violation of law. The meaning of li fe for Smith was not to start a revolution and topple the party, and change the system entirely. Thou gh Smith had thought about it and desired it to happen. Deep down he believed that it was impossibl e to achieve the goal and sooner or later he would be arrested by the Party. Nevertheless, he set out t o challenge the limits of the Party. He kept a diary which has† Down with the Big Brother† written o n it over and over again. He had an forbidden affair with Julia. Also he joined the Brotherhood whic h he believe is the enemy of the Party. I think the meaning for Smith did not lie in being the hero. What was important for him was to stay as human as possible. Through the rebellious acts against the Party in his own ways, he got to keep his spirit and his human side. That was the meaning he could find for himself. Despite the fact that he was completely compromised at last when he was brought into Room 101, where he was tortured to an extreme degree and indoctrinated to cure his â€Å"insaneness†. He was com pletely broke and dehumanised. His passionate hatred towards the Big Brother turned into absolute l oyalty and love. He should not be blamed for betraying Julia and not upholding what he believed in the first place in such extreme conditions. After all, he did try to rebel against the Big Brother even t hough deep down he knew he couldn’t do anything to overthrow the Big Brother. Dr. Rieux and Winston Smith resolved the question of meaning through their rebellious acts against the plague and the Big Brother. There are people who find suffering itself reveals the meaning of lif e. Father Paneloux is a good example to illustrate this point of view. In his first sermon addressing t he plague. He said that the plague was a punishment by God. That it was the result of the sin of all c itizens. He criticised the people for not attending church and repenting for their sins. Therefore the p lague was reminder of God’s power and the Oran residents should start to change their habits and st art to fear God again. Unlike Dr. Rieux, who is an atheist, Father Paneloux based his life and work on his christian faith. F rom a Christian point of view, everything happens on earth has purpose and fit into the grand plan o f God. Therefore, it was his job to make sense of the suffering of the plague so that he and the peopl e listening to him will be able to endure and continue to believe in God. From his interpretation of s uffering, the meaning of life for Father Panels was more easily understood than Dr. Rieux and Winst on Smith. The meaning of life was really simple, that is to serve and honour God in his will. Though he changes his view on suffering drastically after witnessing the death of an innocent child. He did not view suffering as a punishment anymore. He said that the reason why a innocent child sh ould suffer was not something that human would necessarily understand no matter how hard they tri ed. They just had to keep in mind that it was God’s will. One must keep his faith and God and find t he good in bad situation. In spite of a changing tone, the meaning for Father Paneloux remained the same- to serve God. To conclude, life itself is inherently meaningless. Not even religion can provide an universal answer to the meaning of life. There are no answers for that and never will be. Suffering does not make one’ s life meaningful. But through suffering one might find meanings in life and live a meaningful life. Wu Ngai Ching, Ivy 20189319 Grade: 21/25 ? 19/25 (due to 2-day late submission) Comments: ?Ivy – In terms of the main thesis of the essay, you’ve done a good job delineating your own atheist view on the meaning of life and drew 3 examples from the 2 works to discuss what m ight be the meaning of life for them. Your argumentation is quite right and your analysis of e ach of their reaciton and thoughts on this difficult question is right on. ?However, you simply â€Å"narrated† through the whole essay without really giving detailed or c oncrete evidences from the book. I wish you could provide some passages or quotes from se veral particular moments in the book to clearly illustrate your point. This is one of the ways t o demonstrate that you’ve actually done the reading, and that is also what we’ve been doing in class – making your point across by providing specific passages/instances in the book as c oncrete evidence. So please remember to do so for your final paper!

Differences Between Collaborate and Corroborate

If you are having a hard time deciding when to use the commonly  confused words, collaborate and corroborate, you are not the only one. Here are the definitions of each of these terms to help you in your writing: The verb collaborate means to cooperate or work jointly with others. The verb corroborate means to strengthen, support, or confirm with evidence. Examples of Usage In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed. (Charles Darwin)According to legend, he killed over a hundred men, but no historian has been able to corroborate this claim. Practice Usage (a) Divine was hired to _____ with the author to produce a new screenplay.(b) True ideas are those we can assimilate, validate, _____, and verify. Answers: (a) Divine was hired to  collaborate  with the author to produce a new screenplay.(b) True ideas are those we can assimilate, validate,  corroborate, and verify.

India s Independence And Present Day India - 1752 Words

WH Research Paper Rough Draft – Gandhi Truthfully, one becomes speechless and unsure of where to begin when conversing about Bapu. What can be said for a mentor, leader, politician, and human being like Mahatma Gandhi? Words are vulnerable to describe such a god-like figure. His life is his message from which people around the world have inspired their own lives from. He was from a middle class family, an average student in school, shy, nervous, could not muster courage to speak in public, nor was a good writer. Despite these facts, Gandhi went on to become the â€Å"Father of the Nation†. When hearing such things, certain questions would cross the mind such as how did he do all of this? What made people follow him to such an extent that they would stake their own lives for him? Why did people follow him? Such questions intrigues and puts oneself in wonderment of how India’s independence and present-day India’s modern nationalism came to existence. Neverth eless, the dedication, non-violence, and the faith of Satyagra enforced by Gandhi led to the independence of India, hence creating a modern nationalism for present-day India. This outcome came due to two major reasons, patriotism and satyagra. Without the relevance and balance of both of these reasons, India would have never gained the freedom and nationalism it has today. The sole morality of Satyagraha became the path to gaining independence from the British. Satyagra was the greatest weapon that Gandhi used to defeat theShow MoreRelatedGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 Pagesor Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incredibly hard to remove the untouchability in the Indian society, upliftment of the backward classes in India, inspired India to practice Hinduism with the use of the Swadeshi Gods, andRead MoreFamily Feud in Anita Desai ´s Clear Light of Day1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily members. Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day shows how war, specifically the partition of India, affects a particular family. The partition of Indian in 1947 created the separate countries of India and Pakistan, consequently ripping families apart. The partition, initiated by India’s independence from Britain, attempted to accommodate irreconcilable religious differences between Muslims and Hindus by forming the Islamic Pakistan. In Clear Light of Day, the Das children’s relationship with theirRead MoreStatus of Woman in Indian Society1230 Words   |  5 PagesSTATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PAST TO THE PRESENT Ancient India:- In ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life. Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period. Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband. Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi. AccordingRead MoreThe British Rule Of India Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: John Watts founded the British East India Company in the 1600s. Which use to trade unique goods that couldn’t be found in Britain. Some resources included gold/ mahogany/curry/silk/ivory. While the British were in India they made a lot of money exporting these goods. The British never saw India as a place to live more or a place to trade. A lot of British people move to North America instead of India. The British rule lasted a long time nearly 200 years. They found that communicationRead MoreIndia s Relations Between India And Pakistan973 Words   |  4 PagesSince the establishment of individual territories, India and Pakistan have been discreet rivals. This was made known to the rest of the world in the year of 1998, when each country conducted nuclear tests in an effort to deter the other. In May of 1998, India conducted 5 underground nuclear tests near the border of Pakistan. Pakistan retaliated with six tests of their own in response. These actions were highly criticized by the international community as fears of a nuclear confrontation grew. InRead MoreIndian Independence Movement and Gandhi979 Words   |  4 Pagesfor freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after Gandhi was admitted to the British bar, he returned to India and attempted to create a law practice in Bombay, which failed. Two years after his failure, and India firm with interests in South Africa hired him as a legal adviser to work in Read MoreGandhi`s Achivements and Failures Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplish for freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after Gandhi was admitted to the British bar, he returned to India and attempted to create a law practice in Bombay, which failed. Two years after his failure, and India firm with interests in South Africa hired him as a legal adviser to work in theirRead MoreEssay on Value Systems and Successful Markets 861 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic success defines a nations success in modern day society. Sure India has had a prosperous past. But as we continue in this post colonial world, the need to prove ourselves has only been higher. It has been over 60 years since we achieved independence and became a republic, we are yet to prove our â€Å"potential† to the world. The world’s parameter to determine our capabilities are high, just as it ought to be to encourage each nation to develop to its fullest ability. Competition generally helpsRead MoreSoutheast Asia And The Middle East And North Africa1426 Words   |  6 Pages(Pew Research Center s Religion Public Life Project, 2012). In fact, Southeast Asia contains the highest number of Muslims in the world, surpassing the Middle East and North Africa. The region is heavily influenced by Islam and European imperialism and it’s shown in the region’s archit ecture and cuisine. Southeast Asia has a monsoon climate, with no marked dry season, waterways that interconnected the region, and tropical rainforests. The region is also midway between India and China. At one pointRead MoreCorruption Of Indi Corruption1511 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption in India Corruption is not a new phenomenon in India. It has been prevalent in society since ancient times. History reveals that it was present even in the Mauryan period. Great scholar Kautilya mentions the pressure of forty types of corruption in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal and Sultanate period. When the East India Company took control of the country, corruption reached new height. Corruption in India has become so common that people now are averse to thinking

The Maturation of Bilbo Baggins Essay - 1382 Words

In the fantasy novel The Hobbit, by J.R. Tolkien there are a lot of obstacles the character Bilbo Baggins has to confront. Throughout the book Bilbo seems to take on different challenges, which allow him to mature faster in a way that the Shire would not allow. In the Shire, Bilbo was just a normal hobbit who minded his own business and was never late for dinner. But after Gandalf and the dwarves came knocking on his door, his whole life seemed to change in an instant and it kept changing in a way that Bilbo had no control over. The farther that Bilbo moved through this journey the more he opened up to the world. At the shire Bilbo could have been considered a child in some ways because, he knew of no evil that existed outside of his world†¦show more content†¦The next metamorphosis was in the troll chapter when Bilbo had to steal from the trolls in order for the group to survive. First off Bilbo has never stolen before or even tired to steal from anyone. But because the tro lls feel Bilbo is a burglar they pressure him to steal from the trolls. Seeing how Bilbo is not skilled at this at all he messes up. He felt he needed to bring something back from the trolls so he tried to pick pocket one of the trolls, unknowingly this troll has a talking wallet. So in the end Bilbo gets caught and ends up getting all the trolls caught. Again Bilbo is trying to prove himself to the dwarves, so by trying to get past the goblins in the coming chapters he gets hurtled into a hole and ends up in a dreary under land with Gollum. Here Bilbo has a riddle competition with Gollum in order to try and win his help with getting out of the wet and damp cave. When Bilbo finally tricked Gollum and found the ring that turned him invisible. He now had to escape; in doing this he ended up following Gollum out to the exit and then jumping over him. No great leap for man, but a leap in the dark. Straight over Gollums head he jumped, seven feet forward and three in the air; indeed, had he known it, he only just missed cracking his skull on the low arch ofShow MoreRelatedA Dog s Head By Jean Dutourd1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdocuments the evolution of a characters’ identity, and how these characters are often changed by their experiences. In the novel The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkein, the main character Bilbo embarks on an adventure which expands his identity and knowledge in terms of what form of identity fits him best, either Took or Baggins. In the novel A Dog’s Head by Jean Dutourd, the main character Edmond, who has a body of a human and the head of a dog, goes through a constant struggle of whether to identify withRead More The Unexpected Journey Essay2259 Words   |  10 Pagesbelonged to the hobbit, Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo, the protagonist of the story, lived a simple, happy life and wouldn’t want to chang e a thing. He dreaded anything unexpected; when a wizard named Gandalf came looking for someone to go on an adventure, Bilbo tried all he could to avoid joining. Unfortunately for him he found himself traveling with thirteen dwarfs and a wizard on a quest to take back their stolen treasure from a fierce dragon. Near the beginning of their journey, Bilbo was quite vulnerableRead MoreThe Forest in Folk and Fairy-Tales3104 Words   |  13 Pages‘Myrkvior’ (dark wood) forests through which heroes must proceed with caution. (Page: 1990: 111) These older associations have coloured more recent fantasy, Tolkien deriving his own ‘Mirkwood Forest’ from the Norse name and sending his protagonist Bilbo Baggins to get lost and found in its depths. ‘Mirkwood is not an invention of mine, but a very ancient name, weighted with legendary associations†¦from the beginning weighted with the sense of gloom.’ (Humphrey: 1981: 43) * Into this dangerous literaryRead MoreBilbo Baggins (The Hobbit) and Meggie Folcharts (Inkheart) Journey to Maturity2271 Words   |  10 Pagesthis transformation from leaving their ‘homes’; Bilbo and his hobbit hole in Bags-End, and Meggie and her father, Mo, and her beloved books. Both are attached to their ‘homes’, and feel anxious and lonely without them, Bilbos and Meggies journeys are how, when seperated from their homes, they perservere through their insecurities and doubt and become stronger and more self-reliant by the end of their respected texts. 1. Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Baggins’ hobbit hole is his happy home, where for fiftyRead MoreHobbit Shake Guide6595 Words   |  27 PagesChapter One: An Unexpected Party Summary We are introduced to hobbits and to Bilbo Baggins, a stay-at-home, utterly respectable hobbit with a secret desire for adventure. Bilbo receives a visit from Gandalf the wizard. The next Wednesday Gandalf returns for tea, bringing with him a party of thirteen dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield. Despite misgivings on both sides, on Gandalfs recommendation the dwarves hire Bilbo as Burglar on an expedition to the Lonely Mountain, where they plan to recoverRead MoreEffects of love relationship on the academic performance10274 Words   |  42 Pagesfor the help and reminders they have imparted and for the cheers that made him feel happy despite the hectic and stress-full schedules. To Katniss Everdeen, Peeta Mellark, Gale Hawthorne, Charlie, Sam and Morrie, Legolas of the Woodland Realm, Bilbo Baggins, Thorin, Gandalf, Monkey D. Luffy, Shanks le Roux, and Aragorn Elassar for being an inspiration for him not to give up with all the challenges and to bring out the best that he can be. To his loving parents, Mr. Pedro and Celeste Caliwara,

Distributed Leadership in Educational Setups Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Potential and Problems of Distributed Leadership in an Educational Setting. Answer: Narration on the Distributed Leadership in Educational Set ups Many educational systems perceive the need to lessen the instructional administration load on principals. They have attempted as of late to make more authority limit through a wide assortment of activities, for example, drawing in more instructors in positions of authority, including APs and contracting instructional mentors. Thus I feel there is a lot of difference in what is needed in the educational set ups and thus besides this there can be a proper method of putting in the distributive leadership method. Stage 1: Design Identify and frame a working group to build up your pilots Set clear goals and characterize Design a model including key positions of authority, Set a timetable with objectives for guiding Engage partners all through the framework Stage 2: Pilot and refine Select proficient school pioneers who are eager to build up the pilots Establish systems to assemble and consolidate input and results Gather and share best works on Generate intrigue and reveal a moment wave of pilots Stage 3: Roll out framework wide Define which parts of the model ought to be institutionalized Determine economical subsidizing Create a guide for revealing the model Build framework Rigorously evaluate the quality By concentrating on both results and procedures, the distributed kind of administration has quite many advantages. It progresses the proficient execution of choices, expands the scope of learning and experience that go into school organization and other education set ups, settles on all key regulatory choices noticeable to all, considers everybody responsible for the compelling administration of the school, its helps the organization to get developed, develops the city objectives of tutoring, and may likely build educator maintenance. These advantages propel the nature of school life and accordingly encourage understudy improvement and execution. References Dewey, J. (1975). Moral principles in education. Carbondale, CO: Arcturus BooksEdition. Lambert, L. (2005). Leadership for lasting reform. Educational Leadership, 62(5), 6265. Loeser, J. M. (2008). School leadership. Ebsco Research Starters. MacBeath, J., Oduro, G. K. T., Waterhouse, J. (2004). Distributed leadership in action: A study of current practice in schools. Nottingham: NCSL. Portin, B. (2004). The roles that principals play. Educational Leadership, 61(7), 1418. Timperley, H. (2005). Distributed leadership: Developing theory from practice. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37, 395420. Ritchie, R., Woods, P. A. (2007). Degrees of distribution: Towards an understanding of variations in the nature of distributed leadership in schools. School Leadership and Management, 27(4), 363381. Woods, P. A., Bennett, N., Harvey, J. A., Wise, C. (2004). Variabilities and dualities in distributed leadership: Findings from a systematic literature review. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 32(4), 439457.