India s Independence And Present Day India - 1752 Words

WH Research Paper Rough Draft – Gandhi Truthfully, one becomes speechless and unsure of where to begin when conversing about Bapu. What can be said for a mentor, leader, politician, and human being like Mahatma Gandhi? Words are vulnerable to describe such a god-like figure. His life is his message from which people around the world have inspired their own lives from. He was from a middle class family, an average student in school, shy, nervous, could not muster courage to speak in public, nor was a good writer. Despite these facts, Gandhi went on to become the â€Å"Father of the Nation†. When hearing such things, certain questions would cross the mind such as how did he do all of this? What made people follow him to such an extent that they would stake their own lives for him? Why did people follow him? Such questions intrigues and puts oneself in wonderment of how India’s independence and present-day India’s modern nationalism came to existence. Neverth eless, the dedication, non-violence, and the faith of Satyagra enforced by Gandhi led to the independence of India, hence creating a modern nationalism for present-day India. This outcome came due to two major reasons, patriotism and satyagra. Without the relevance and balance of both of these reasons, India would have never gained the freedom and nationalism it has today. The sole morality of Satyagraha became the path to gaining independence from the British. Satyagra was the greatest weapon that Gandhi used to defeat theShow MoreRelatedGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 Pagesor Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incredibly hard to remove the untouchability in the Indian society, upliftment of the backward classes in India, inspired India to practice Hinduism with the use of the Swadeshi Gods, andRead MoreFamily Feud in Anita Desai ´s Clear Light of Day1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily members. Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day shows how war, specifically the partition of India, affects a particular family. The partition of Indian in 1947 created the separate countries of India and Pakistan, consequently ripping families apart. The partition, initiated by India’s independence from Britain, attempted to accommodate irreconcilable religious differences between Muslims and Hindus by forming the Islamic Pakistan. In Clear Light of Day, the Das children’s relationship with theirRead MoreStatus of Woman in Indian Society1230 Words   |  5 PagesSTATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PAST TO THE PRESENT Ancient India:- In ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life. Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period. Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband. Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi. AccordingRead MoreThe British Rule Of India Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: John Watts founded the British East India Company in the 1600s. Which use to trade unique goods that couldn’t be found in Britain. Some resources included gold/ mahogany/curry/silk/ivory. While the British were in India they made a lot of money exporting these goods. The British never saw India as a place to live more or a place to trade. A lot of British people move to North America instead of India. The British rule lasted a long time nearly 200 years. They found that communicationRead MoreIndia s Relations Between India And Pakistan973 Words   |  4 PagesSince the establishment of individual territories, India and Pakistan have been discreet rivals. This was made known to the rest of the world in the year of 1998, when each country conducted nuclear tests in an effort to deter the other. In May of 1998, India conducted 5 underground nuclear tests near the border of Pakistan. Pakistan retaliated with six tests of their own in response. These actions were highly criticized by the international community as fears of a nuclear confrontation grew. InRead MoreIndian Independence Movement and Gandhi979 Words   |  4 Pagesfor freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after Gandhi was admitted to the British bar, he returned to India and attempted to create a law practice in Bombay, which failed. Two years after his failure, and India firm with interests in South Africa hired him as a legal adviser to work in Read MoreGandhi`s Achivements and Failures Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplish for freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after Gandhi was admitted to the British bar, he returned to India and attempted to create a law practice in Bombay, which failed. Two years after his failure, and India firm with interests in South Africa hired him as a legal adviser to work in theirRead MoreEssay on Value Systems and Successful Markets 861 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic success defines a nations success in modern day society. Sure India has had a prosperous past. But as we continue in this post colonial world, the need to prove ourselves has only been higher. It has been over 60 years since we achieved independence and became a republic, we are yet to prove our â€Å"potential† to the world. The world’s parameter to determine our capabilities are high, just as it ought to be to encourage each nation to develop to its fullest ability. Competition generally helpsRead MoreSoutheast Asia And The Middle East And North Africa1426 Words   |  6 Pages(Pew Research Center s Religion Public Life Project, 2012). In fact, Southeast Asia contains the highest number of Muslims in the world, surpassing the Middle East and North Africa. The region is heavily influenced by Islam and European imperialism and it’s shown in the region’s archit ecture and cuisine. Southeast Asia has a monsoon climate, with no marked dry season, waterways that interconnected the region, and tropical rainforests. The region is also midway between India and China. At one pointRead MoreCorruption Of Indi Corruption1511 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption in India Corruption is not a new phenomenon in India. It has been prevalent in society since ancient times. History reveals that it was present even in the Mauryan period. Great scholar Kautilya mentions the pressure of forty types of corruption in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal and Sultanate period. When the East India Company took control of the country, corruption reached new height. Corruption in India has become so common that people now are averse to thinking

The Maturation of Bilbo Baggins Essay - 1382 Words

In the fantasy novel The Hobbit, by J.R. Tolkien there are a lot of obstacles the character Bilbo Baggins has to confront. Throughout the book Bilbo seems to take on different challenges, which allow him to mature faster in a way that the Shire would not allow. In the Shire, Bilbo was just a normal hobbit who minded his own business and was never late for dinner. But after Gandalf and the dwarves came knocking on his door, his whole life seemed to change in an instant and it kept changing in a way that Bilbo had no control over. The farther that Bilbo moved through this journey the more he opened up to the world. At the shire Bilbo could have been considered a child in some ways because, he knew of no evil that existed outside of his world†¦show more content†¦The next metamorphosis was in the troll chapter when Bilbo had to steal from the trolls in order for the group to survive. First off Bilbo has never stolen before or even tired to steal from anyone. But because the tro lls feel Bilbo is a burglar they pressure him to steal from the trolls. Seeing how Bilbo is not skilled at this at all he messes up. He felt he needed to bring something back from the trolls so he tried to pick pocket one of the trolls, unknowingly this troll has a talking wallet. So in the end Bilbo gets caught and ends up getting all the trolls caught. Again Bilbo is trying to prove himself to the dwarves, so by trying to get past the goblins in the coming chapters he gets hurtled into a hole and ends up in a dreary under land with Gollum. Here Bilbo has a riddle competition with Gollum in order to try and win his help with getting out of the wet and damp cave. When Bilbo finally tricked Gollum and found the ring that turned him invisible. He now had to escape; in doing this he ended up following Gollum out to the exit and then jumping over him. No great leap for man, but a leap in the dark. Straight over Gollums head he jumped, seven feet forward and three in the air; indeed, had he known it, he only just missed cracking his skull on the low arch ofShow MoreRelatedA Dog s Head By Jean Dutourd1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdocuments the evolution of a characters’ identity, and how these characters are often changed by their experiences. In the novel The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkein, the main character Bilbo embarks on an adventure which expands his identity and knowledge in terms of what form of identity fits him best, either Took or Baggins. In the novel A Dog’s Head by Jean Dutourd, the main character Edmond, who has a body of a human and the head of a dog, goes through a constant struggle of whether to identify withRead More The Unexpected Journey Essay2259 Words   |  10 Pagesbelonged to the hobbit, Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo, the protagonist of the story, lived a simple, happy life and wouldn’t want to chang e a thing. He dreaded anything unexpected; when a wizard named Gandalf came looking for someone to go on an adventure, Bilbo tried all he could to avoid joining. Unfortunately for him he found himself traveling with thirteen dwarfs and a wizard on a quest to take back their stolen treasure from a fierce dragon. Near the beginning of their journey, Bilbo was quite vulnerableRead MoreThe Forest in Folk and Fairy-Tales3104 Words   |  13 Pages‘Myrkvior’ (dark wood) forests through which heroes must proceed with caution. (Page: 1990: 111) These older associations have coloured more recent fantasy, Tolkien deriving his own ‘Mirkwood Forest’ from the Norse name and sending his protagonist Bilbo Baggins to get lost and found in its depths. ‘Mirkwood is not an invention of mine, but a very ancient name, weighted with legendary associations†¦from the beginning weighted with the sense of gloom.’ (Humphrey: 1981: 43) * Into this dangerous literaryRead MoreBilbo Baggins (The Hobbit) and Meggie Folcharts (Inkheart) Journey to Maturity2271 Words   |  10 Pagesthis transformation from leaving their ‘homes’; Bilbo and his hobbit hole in Bags-End, and Meggie and her father, Mo, and her beloved books. Both are attached to their ‘homes’, and feel anxious and lonely without them, Bilbos and Meggies journeys are how, when seperated from their homes, they perservere through their insecurities and doubt and become stronger and more self-reliant by the end of their respected texts. 1. Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Baggins’ hobbit hole is his happy home, where for fiftyRead MoreHobbit Shake Guide6595 Words   |  27 PagesChapter One: An Unexpected Party Summary We are introduced to hobbits and to Bilbo Baggins, a stay-at-home, utterly respectable hobbit with a secret desire for adventure. Bilbo receives a visit from Gandalf the wizard. The next Wednesday Gandalf returns for tea, bringing with him a party of thirteen dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield. Despite misgivings on both sides, on Gandalfs recommendation the dwarves hire Bilbo as Burglar on an expedition to the Lonely Mountain, where they plan to recoverRead MoreEffects of love relationship on the academic performance10274 Words   |  42 Pagesfor the help and reminders they have imparted and for the cheers that made him feel happy despite the hectic and stress-full schedules. To Katniss Everdeen, Peeta Mellark, Gale Hawthorne, Charlie, Sam and Morrie, Legolas of the Woodland Realm, Bilbo Baggins, Thorin, Gandalf, Monkey D. Luffy, Shanks le Roux, and Aragorn Elassar for being an inspiration for him not to give up with all the challenges and to bring out the best that he can be. To his loving parents, Mr. Pedro and Celeste Caliwara,

Distributed Leadership in Educational Setups Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Potential and Problems of Distributed Leadership in an Educational Setting. Answer: Narration on the Distributed Leadership in Educational Set ups Many educational systems perceive the need to lessen the instructional administration load on principals. They have attempted as of late to make more authority limit through a wide assortment of activities, for example, drawing in more instructors in positions of authority, including APs and contracting instructional mentors. Thus I feel there is a lot of difference in what is needed in the educational set ups and thus besides this there can be a proper method of putting in the distributive leadership method. Stage 1: Design Identify and frame a working group to build up your pilots Set clear goals and characterize Design a model including key positions of authority, Set a timetable with objectives for guiding Engage partners all through the framework Stage 2: Pilot and refine Select proficient school pioneers who are eager to build up the pilots Establish systems to assemble and consolidate input and results Gather and share best works on Generate intrigue and reveal a moment wave of pilots Stage 3: Roll out framework wide Define which parts of the model ought to be institutionalized Determine economical subsidizing Create a guide for revealing the model Build framework Rigorously evaluate the quality By concentrating on both results and procedures, the distributed kind of administration has quite many advantages. It progresses the proficient execution of choices, expands the scope of learning and experience that go into school organization and other education set ups, settles on all key regulatory choices noticeable to all, considers everybody responsible for the compelling administration of the school, its helps the organization to get developed, develops the city objectives of tutoring, and may likely build educator maintenance. These advantages propel the nature of school life and accordingly encourage understudy improvement and execution. References Dewey, J. (1975). Moral principles in education. Carbondale, CO: Arcturus BooksEdition. Lambert, L. (2005). Leadership for lasting reform. Educational Leadership, 62(5), 6265. Loeser, J. M. (2008). School leadership. Ebsco Research Starters. MacBeath, J., Oduro, G. K. T., Waterhouse, J. (2004). Distributed leadership in action: A study of current practice in schools. Nottingham: NCSL. Portin, B. (2004). The roles that principals play. Educational Leadership, 61(7), 1418. Timperley, H. (2005). Distributed leadership: Developing theory from practice. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37, 395420. Ritchie, R., Woods, P. A. (2007). Degrees of distribution: Towards an understanding of variations in the nature of distributed leadership in schools. School Leadership and Management, 27(4), 363381. Woods, P. A., Bennett, N., Harvey, J. A., Wise, C. (2004). Variabilities and dualities in distributed leadership: Findings from a systematic literature review. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 32(4), 439457.

Rational Choice Theory Latent Trait Theory free essay sample

Similarities and Differences a. Rational Choice Theory Latent Trait Theory History of Criminology In the middle ages people who sullied common models were viewed as sorceresses or mad of an evil spirit. The methods used to ascertain a confession were torture, corporal punishment or execution. By the mid-eighteenth century, social academics began to reason for a more rational method to reprimand. They desired to quell the cruelty in punishment by matching crime and the punishment that came with it. As a result many different scientific experts are involved in the study of criminality. This is why criminology is considered an interdisciplinary field of study. These diverse disciplines include psychology, economics, political science, natural science, biology and the evolution and development of people. Criminology got its start in Europe around 1700s-1800s. What birthed during this time was classical belief of criminality. The founder of classical criminology, Cesare Beccaria, believed that criminals made a rational choice to commit a crime and that the punishment should fit the crime that was committed. We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory Latent Trait Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This approach was to stave off the amount of torture going on in this time period. It was a way to level the playing field of crime and punishment. Then came positivist criminology with the belief that certain traits within a person can determine criminal behavior—either biosocial or psychological traits. â€Å"Criminology combines social action data with criminal activity to understand motive and determine appropriate consequences. As such, criminology is necessary for the proper development and execution of criminal justice systems. From the case development to long after the verdict, criminologists are responsible for understanding why criminals do what they do. Through this information people will be safer, better understood and justly punished for crimes. The ultimate motive behind criminology though, is the prevention of crime† (Sanders). Rational Choice Theory Rational choice theory is derived from the classical criminology model in that it holds the similar belief that criminals choose criminality cognitively. â€Å"†¦criminals are rational actors who plan their crimes, can be controlled by the fear of punishment, and deserve to be penalized for their misdeeds† (Siegel 2011). According to this theory, these people purposely violate the law after well-planned schemes devised aforetime. They act these crimes out with little regard for the possible punishment they would receive should they get caught. Several factors come into place when choosing to commit their crime. The personal ones consist of making money from the act, pay back against someone they think may have wronged them or someone close to them or just for the shear excitement and arousal they get from it. The joy they get from committing crime can be equated to a drug or alcohol induced high. In situations like this in their mind the reward far outweighs the punishment if caught. To the rational choice theorist, these decisions are cognitive in nature and done out of an impulsive mind; but one that is sound though criminal. â€Å"Rational choice theory and its assumptions about human behavior have been integrated into numerous criminological theories and criminal justice interventions†¦ The rational choice perspective has been applied to a wide range of crimes, including robbery, drug use, vandalism, and white-collar crime. In addition, neuropsychological literature shows that there are neurobiological mechanisms involved in our rational choices† (Wright). Evaluating the Risks of Crime An assessment is made by the criminal before the act of criminality is committed. Some in society have a misconception about criminals—some not all. Those who believe that criminals are just blithely ignorant people who just can’t do anything else, but violate the law are quite ignorant themselves. Rational choice theorists examine the mind or rationale of these criminals by how they prepare. There are checks and balances to every crime as believed by choice theorists. Cerebral criminals cautiously select objects, and their actions is methodical and discerning. For example a burglar is in this case is going to choose something that is not only worth money, but worth his/her time to even contemplate. For them the reward has to outweigh the risk. The risks that do come into play or the measures by which crime has to be weighed against are the likelihood of getting caught and the punishment for this particular crime. Embarrassment by their circle of friends and family or fellow criminals. Their reputation as a thief among those of ill repute. â€Å"People who decide to get involved in crime compare the chances of arrest (based on their past experiences) with the subjective psychic rewards of crime (including the excitement and social status it brings and perceived opportunities for easy gains)† (Siegel 2011). Offense- and Offender-Specific Crime Rational choice theorists view crime in two specific ways. One is offense-specific—this when criminal has a discriminatory response to physiognomies of a certain illegal deed. For example a burglar, in this case, will take into consideration how well the target is lit if at night; are there police nearby on patrol; is there a neighborhood watch or can the neighbors see the target house well; are there any dogs; or is it still occupied. These are just some the risk assessments these cognitive choice criminals make before committing a criminal act. It is very important for them to not get caught. They have already figured in the cost of getting caught by either the cops or the owner being home and possibly armed. The other is offender-specific—this is an offender’s self-evaluation of their abilities, reasons, desires, and qualms before determining to act out criminally. These offenders takes an introspective look to assess varying aspects like do they the necessary skills to even pull off the crime; do they really need the money they could get from this particular crime (does the benefit overshadow the cost); do they have the right tools to successfully commit the crime; will they be able to turn a profit from the items; are they physically fit enough to complete the crime; would they be able to outwit the police in a getaway? Careful examination goes into consideration and evaluation for cognitive choice criminality is executed. Latent Trait Theory Latent trait theorists believe that in some criminals there is an intrinsic predisposition resident either from birth or early in their childhood that possibly is the reason for their criminal or deviant behavior. They further believe this disposition increases the propensity for criminal behavior rather than civil behavior either by some mental deficiency or chemical defect in the brain or maybe even a physical abnormality in the brain. Moreover, they include drug usage, maybe by the parents or a possible injury of sorts. In any case latent trait theorists hold this belief that these traits influence criminality in these individuals. â€Å"regardless of gender or environment, those who maintain one of these suspect traits may be predisposed to crime and in danger of becoming career criminals; those who lack the traits have a much lower risk† (Siegel 2011). Crime and Human Nature Social scientists, James Q. Wilson and Richard Herrnstein, believe that â€Å"all human behavior whether criminal or non-criminal is based upon perceived consequences† (Siegel 2011). This means that people who aren’t necessarily governed by criminality can, if the opportunity presented itself, commit a crime. Conversely, they say that people with a criminal bent don’t always commit crime, especially if the high risk involved. In essence, these choices to commit a crime comes from a latent character trait within these individuals and maybe you and me. People how wouldn’t ordinarily commit a crime might find an opportunity to do so too irresistible to pass up. These latent trait theorists believe that’s when the latent trait takes over cause one to act impulsively at an opportunity. General Theory of Crime According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, the general theory of crime is believed that most criminality is impulsive; and with a lack of self-control (Siegel 2011). Their studies show that people with low self-control have propensity to act out impulsively. It doesn’t necessarily mean they become criminal as much as it means that most criminals operate should an opportunity present itself. Compulsive desire is a major contributor to deviant behavior and criminal acts. They believe that delinquents do not simply commit crime on a whim, but rather choosing to take advantage of an opportunity. They are not necessarily career criminals as much as they are individuals, typically males, with low self-control. It is also believed these tendencies can either be learned or caused by some sort of biology or socialization. Children of parents with the same low character can be greatly influenced into deviant behavior. This doesn’t mean they automatically become criminals, but it can lead to this type of acted out behavior if not dealt with at an early age. Children learn to cope by watching how their parent or authority figure in their lives copes with life. The learned behavior can seemingly be purported by deviant parents who display a deviant or criminal lifestyle in front of their children or maybe the child is born with some sort of mental deficit. â€Å"General theory assumes that self-control is a function of socialization and parenting, but some criminologists maintain it may also have a biological basis† (Siegel 2011). What they learn they repeat. It is also true of the community in which they live have an effect, whether positive or negative, on the formation of their character choices. â€Å"They observed as the self-control is formed by the nurturing method of the parents when juveniles were younger, and emphasized on the roles of parents in childhood by observing as the continuous tendency would be made after the adolescence, once self-control is formed† (Jaejung). At this point it is an intrinsic nature that is passed from one generation to the next. Unless the cycle is broken a member of the either this society or a particular family it will continue. However, the greatest influence or impressions do come from the parents of these deviant persons. These are the people they see and admire or for whom they have disdain—parental or guardian sway has the most control. The community in which they live only stands to compound that sway. â€Å"†¦how juveniles were raised in what kind of environment from the parents, which is, the internal factors have the biggest effect on juvenile delinquencies and the external factors are the additional influences† (Jaejung). Society’s Response to Criminal Behavior – General Deterrence Criminals who choose the commit crimes whether by cognitive means or even by impulsiveness deterrence is a necessary countermeasure against criminal activity. Punishment for criminality is one means to stave off criminal acts or at least deter them entirely. For some criminals knowing the type of punishment for the specific crime they intend to commit is enough of a deterrent for them not to go through with it. Others not so much. The reward itself is just enticing to disregard. â€Å"According to deterrence theory, not only the actual chance of punishment, but also the perception that punishment will be forthcoming, influences criminality† (Siegel 2011). Certainty, severity, and swiftness of Punishment are good preventive measures when threat of capture, sentence, and limitation of freedom and access increases—typically the crime rate will or should drop. Some criminals just won’t commit a crime if they for sure they’re going to be arrested and detained or jailed. I know people whose wives have attempted to provoke them to hit them just so they can call the cops and have the husband arrested to teach them a lesson of sorts. However, the husband didn’t do for fear of knowing that they would be going to jail. All three of these rates of punishment are believed to bring the crime threshold down. However, there are those criminals who just don’t care or are not swayed in the least about the recourse of their actions. They see the world as their pocket to pick. There’s probably no deterrence measure for them. Similarities and Differences Rational choice theorists and latent trait theorists parallel in belief that human behavior is determined by perceived consequences whether criminal or not. Both understand that different people process information in different ways. The information has to make sense before it can be used in any way. Even in the mind of a criminal, the choices, rational or impulsive, have to meet a kind of standard of reason—it has to make sense to them—thought it might not make sense to the rest of the world. Morality to an antisocial individual is based upon how they view their environment to include the people in it as well—and both theorists share this concept. Where they differ is how punishment for committing crime viewed or perceived. Criminals who make rational choices to commit crime don’t see themselves as ever getting caught. This is skewed rational based on how they view the world. This response can also be based on how these individuals may have witnessed others respond in the same circumstances when they were a youth. Seeing a parent or relative display this kind of arrogant behavior can have a lasting impression of how to cope when making such choices. Latent trait theorists believe that criminality is inevitable if given the opportunity exact it because this trait is innate and is governed by impulsiveness. Bottom line is rational choice criminality is always with mens rea whereas latent trait criminality isn’t necessarily with mens rea, but both do have actus reus.